基于行业细分的我国制造业就业技能结构影响因素研究

技术进步对就业结构具有重要影响，其中技能偏态型技术进步对就业技能结构的影响尤为突出。本文选取2001—2010年间我国制造业29个细分行业的经济发展数据，分别考察了市场主导型FDI技术溢出、出口主导型FDI技术溢出、企业研发等因素对我国制造业就业技能结构的影响。研究结果表明，市场主导型FDI技术溢出仅对中低技术行业的就业技能结构具有负的影响，而出口主导型FDI带来的技术溢出对高技术行业和中低技术行业就业技能结构均有显著的正向作用。同时，企业规模的扩大和资本深化程度的增加将降低制造业高技术劳动力的占比，而企业自身研发投入的加强将明显提升制造业的就业技能结构。

Research on the Influencing Factors of the Structure of Employment Skills in China's Manufacturing Industries Based on the Industrial Segments

Technological progress will affect on the employment structure and the skill biased technological progress plays a very important role in the structure of employment skills. This paper selected the economic development data of 29 segmental industries in China＇s manufacturing industries from 2001 to 2010 and investi- gated market - oriented FDI spillovers, export - oriented FDI spillovers, R＆D and other factors on China＇s manufacturing employment skills structure. The results show that market -oriented FDI spillovers has a negative impact on the skill structure of low - skilled industries while export - oriented FDI spillovers has a positive impact on the skill structure of both low - skilled industries and high - skilled industries. Meanwhile, the expansion of business scale and increase of the degree of capital deepening will reduce the proportion of manufacturing skilled labor. The enterprise＇s own R＆D investment will improve the skill structure of manufacturing industry.