经济运行与增长中的中小企业作用机理

如果偏重于发展大工业企业 ,由于资本利润率下降和工资成本逐年上升规律 ,其资本有机构成随之要提高 ,就业的劳动力相对就越来越少 ,会发生严重的失业和消费不足 ;农业的土地资本有机构成也是一个提高的过程 ,也要逐年挤出大量的劳动力来。中小企业的资本有机构成低 ,其变动不遵从于大工业资本有机构成的变动规律。因此 ,大力发展中小企业可以转移和吸收大工业和农业由于资本有机构成提高而剩余出来的劳动力 ,使资本、就业和消费达到平衡 ,避免出现严重的失业和生产过剩现象。从经济增长看 ,中小企业发展不足 ,将会导致民间投资渠道不畅而使相当一部分储蓄不能正常转化为投资需求。发展中小企业 ,疏通投资渠道 ,变劳动力过剩劣势为劳动力密集便宜竞争优势 ,以及城市化中中小企业在地理上的集中带来的聚集效应 ,将是未来 1 0— 1 5年中国经济高速增长的重要推动力。

The Mechanic Role of SMEs in the Economic Growth and Equilibrium

The preference for the development of large industrial enterprises will result in serious unemployment and inadequate consumption owing to the increasing ratio of capital to labor capital and hence the decrease of labor force employment affected by the decreasing ratio of profit to capital and increasing labor cost.The agricultural sector will also release substantive labor for the increase of the ratio of land to labor.In contrast,the small and middle enterprises (SMEs) are not subjected to the same rule because of lower ratio of capital to labor.Therefore,promoting the development of SMEs can accepted the labor force released from both the industrial sector and agricultural sector,which will contribute to the equilibrium of capital,employment and consumption and avoid the severe unemployment and relative product surplus.The underdevelopment of SMEs will make the transfer of savings to investment demands much difficult for the lack of smooth private investment channel.Development of SMEs,smooth investment channel,the transfer of labor surplus disadvantage to labor-intensive advantage and the conglomeration effect resulted from the concentration of the SMEs during the urbanization will be the impetus to the rapid growth of Chinese economy in the future ten to fifteen years.