“中国制造”对美国就业的拉动作用 ——中国制造业出口中“美国含量”的经验分析

本文旨在考察中国制成品出口对美国就业正向拉动作用的具体途径。使用OECD STAN按行业和终端用途分类的双边贸易数据库，本文计算了中国对美国制造品出口中来源于美国的中间产品成分，发现中国制成品中的“美国含量”随制成品技术含量的增加而增加，且随时间呈递减趋势。2006-2010年，全部制造业出口中“美国含量”平均为1%左右，其中高端制造业的“美国含量”平均为16%。在此基础上，利用美国就业需求矩阵中的就业-产出比率，笔者计算出同期中国出口制成品从美国进口的中间产品为美国创造了171万多个就业岗位。由此可见，中美两国贸易的发展对促进美国的就业具有正面积极的影响。

ENHANCING EFFECT ON U.SEMPLOYMENT OF MADE IN CHINA ——An Analysis of American Content in China’s Manufacture Export

This paper aims at exploring the enhancing effect on U.S. employment of Chinas manufacture export. Utilizing OECDs STAN database, we calculate the intermediate content from the U.S. in Chinas manufacture export to the same country. Empirical results show that American Content in Chinas manufacture got larger as the technological content increased. During 2006 to 2010, American Content of manufacture was 1%, while the content of high-class manufacture was about 16% on average. Based on these results, we calculate the employment effect of American Content in Chinas manufacture was about 17 million jobs. The implication is that trade between China and the U.S. enhances employment of the latter. Appreciation of RMB will bring in negative effect on U.S. employment.