中国、德国和美国商业银行效率差异及其比较优势分析

本文基于经济学不完全竞争条件下利润最大化概念修正了利润效率模型,基于成本最小化概念从营业费用的角度修正了成本效率模型,结合财务指标分析了中国、德国和美国商业银行效率的比较优势。研究发现,德国商业银行以资源利用效率见长;美国商业银行结合混业经营和发达的金融市场创新能力强,不仅非利息业务收入水平高,而且资产流动性强、净息差水平高;中国金融市场不发达,商业银行分业经营创新能力不足,盈利能力得益于政策性利差及低风险的中间业务收入增长,大型商业银行资源利用效率低。银行创新类业务在世界金融危机中损失惨重而传统信贷业务和中间业务成为保持盈利水平的主要力量。

The Difference and Comparative Advantages of Commercial Banks Efficiency of China,Germany and America

Based on the concept of profit maximization with imperfect competition and cost minimization,we correct profit efficiency and cost efficiency models.The financial indicators are used to analyze commercial banks efficiency of China,Germany and America.The study finds that German commercial banks are proficient in resource utilization.American commercial banks,which combine integrated operation and advanced financial market,have stronger ability in financial innovation that leads to not only higher non-interest income but also faster asset liquidity and wider net interest margin.With underdeveloped financial market and separate operation,Chinese commercial banks are inferior in financial innovation capability.Its profitability mainly benefits from policy interest rate difference and the income growth of intermediate business.The resource utilization of big Chinese commercial banks is quite low.In the financial crisis,the innovative business of banks suffered from huge losses,whereas the traditional credit business and intermediate business turned out to be the main force to keep the profit.