我国耕地撂荒机理及盘活对策研究

基于遥感与抽样调查结合等手段从高分影像获取的2017年全国耕地撂荒数据表明,现阶段我国耕地撂荒呈现撂荒面积、撂荒率双增长,撂荒现象趋于普遍和由贫瘠、破碎地块向肥沃、连片耕地蔓延的新特征。自然环境、经济、社会、政策与制度都是当前城镇化进程中耕地撂荒趋势加剧的诱因。针对当前农户耕地撂荒的动因,撂荒耕地盘活对策:一是改善农田基础条件与设施,提升耕地综合质量;二是因地制宜调整耕地布局与产业结构,发展特色农业;三是推行多元化土地使用权转让,推进规模化经营;四是创新农产品销售、流通渠道,加速农产品市场价值转换;五是推行社区型、中心村型整合,全面实现乡村振兴目标;六是开展耕地撂荒盘活试验示范,分区分步组织实施。

Research on the Mechanism of Cultivated Land Abandonment and the Countermeasures of Revitalization in China

According to the data of cultivated land abandonment in 2017 obtained from high-resolution images based on the combination of remote sensing and sampling survey,at current stage,China's cultivated land abandonment shows the growth of both abandonment area and abandonment rate.The cultivated land abandonment phenomenon tends to be universal,and the new characteristic of cultivated land abandonment is spreading from barren and broken land to fertile and contiguous land.The natural environment,economy,society,policy and institutions are all the causes of the trend of cultivated land abandonment in the course of urbanization.In view of the reasons for the current abandonment of cultivated land,the paper puts forward the countermeasures of revitalization for the abandonment of cultivated land are as follows:First,we should improve the basic conditions and facilities of cultivated land,and enhance the comprehensive quality of cultivated land;Second,adjust the layout of cultivated land and industrial structure according to local conditions,develop characteristic agriculture;Third,carry out the transfer of diversified land use rights,and promote scale operation;Fourth,innovate the sales and circulation channels of agricultural products and accelerate the transformation of market value of agricultural products;Fifth,improve the integration of community-based and central village type and implement the goal of rural revitalization fully into effect;And sixth,carry out the pilot demonstration of cultivated land revitalization and organize the implementation step by step in different regions.