钱江源国家公园自然资源统一管理路径探索

《建立国家公园体制总体方案》中提出“国家公园内全民所有自然资源资产应该占主体地位”。由于土地权属复杂,自然资源统一管理成为我国国家公园体制试点建设的难点问题之一。钱江源国家公园在试点期间,通过探索和分析租赁、置换、合作等方式,对比国内外国家公园地役权制度优劣,构建了适合本地特点的集体林地地役权改革制度,即在不改变森林、林木、林地权属的基础上,通过一定的经济补偿,限制权属所有者的行为,将其使用权和管理权通过各项决议和合同形式授权给国家公园管理机构。通过集体林地地役权改革实现了对自然资源的统一管控,不仅解决了国家公园建设中集体林占比较高的难题,同时还带来了显著的生态效益、经济效益和社会效益,为集体土地占比较高的东部经济发达地区构建互促共赢的可持续发展模式提供了示范经验。

Explore the Path of Unified Management of Natural Resources in Qianjiangyuan National Park

The Overall Plan for Establishing a National Park System proposes that"the whole people owned natural resource assets in national parks should occupy the dominant position."Due to the complexity of land ownership,the unified management of natural resources has become one of the difficulties in the pilot construction of the national park system in China.During the pilot period of Qianjiangyuan National Park,through exploring and analyzing methods such as leasing,replacement,cooperation,and other methods,comparing the advantages and disadvantages of domestic and foreign national park easement system,a collective forest easement reform system suitable for local characteristics was constructed,based on not changing the ownership of forests,trees,and forest land,through certain economic compensation,restrict the owner's behavior,and authorize their use and management rights to the national park management agency through various resolutions and contracts.Through the easement reform of collective forest land,the unified management and control of natural resources are realized,which not only solves the problem of the relatively high proportion of collective forest in the construction of national parks but also brings significant ecological,economic,and social benefits,also,for the eastern economic developed areas with a high proportion of collective land,it provides demonstration experience for building a mutually-promoting and win-win sustainable development model.