我国种植业政策性保险制度:由设计到实践的挑战——以湖南省为例

本文以湖南省为例,通过调研发现,我国政策性种植业保险在上一阶段的试点中面临的主要问题包括,种植业生产风险的相关性与不确定性使得相关的保险产品定价困难,风险分散的效率低;我国小农经济、分散经营的国情使得保险工作量大,经营成本高;农民缺乏基本的自然灾害保险的知识,风险意识较差。在种植业保险的机制设计与运营实践中,政府职能超越了引导鼓励的范围;产品设计违背了市场运作的原则;统保模式违背了自主自愿的初衷;利益不一致破坏了协同推进的效果。解决当前的主要问题应当建立有效的成本分担机制和激励机制,通过合理的产品设计和制度创新实现共赢,并充分发挥基层的力量,协调配合各个部门,以促进我国种植业保险工作的深入开展。

Policy-oriented Crop Insurance System in China: the Challenge from Design to Implementation:Case study in Hunan Province

Taking Hunan Province as example,this article reviewed operational mode characteristic and problems in the implementation of policy-oriented crop insurance from 2007 to 2010,and proposed relevant recommendations.Through investigation in Hunan Province,it is found that main objective issues include: the mutual dependency and uncertainty inherent in agricultural risk make difficult pricing and inefficient risk diversification;vast terrain and decentralized policy-holders make large workload and high administrative costs;farmers lack the basic knowledge about natural disaster insurance.The main problems in design and operation mechanism include: governments’ function goes beyond the extent of guidance and encouragement;product design violates the principle of market operation;a unified model of underwriting goes against the original intention of voluntarism;inconsistent interests damage the co-promoting effects.To solve the main problems,reasonable rates should be set Based on scientific and technological support;an effective cost-sharing mechanisms and incentives should be established;the strength of grass-roots level should be given full play;various departments should be coordinated to promote crop insurance development.