农村劳动力转移与城镇化如何协调发展

本文在实地调查基础上分析了农村劳动力转移与城镇化进程的协调关系.认为,改革开放前的30年是不发展的协调;改革开放后的20多年是发展中的初步协调;现在应着力解决走向成熟协调的十个突出问题:建立最低工资制;八小时工作制;劳动环境和劳动保护;农民工住房;农民工养老保障;农民工医疗;农民工培训;农民工子女教育;工资拖欠;进城交通成本.本文还认为,我国大多数农区大多数农户,其所经营的农业实际早已破产.为什么规模庞大的中国农业还能维持再生产?为什么规模庞大的中国农民还能维持生计?主要靠2亿多农民进城做工和在乡镇企业做工.他们给农户每年带来约一万亿元的收入,支撑中国农业和农民生活的真正秘密正在于此.改革开放以来,我国经济的快速发展使综合国力大大增强,已经开始具有全面建设较低水平社会保障制度的能力.

The research of countryside labor force shift and urbanization process

Based on field researches, this article analyzes the relationship between Countryside Labor Force Shift (shift of rural labor) and Urbanization Process. This paper considers the 30 years before reform and opening up to be an undeveloped coordination stage and the 20 years after reform and opening up to be a preliminary coordination stage. And now we should put forth effort to solve the ten outstanding problems on the way to mature coordination stage: Setting up the minimum wage system; Eight-hour work day system; Working environment and Labor protection; Peasant worker housing; Endowment insurance for peasant workers; Medical insurance for peasant workers; Training for peasant workers; Education for children of peasant workers; Protesting delays in paying peasant workers their salary arrears; Traffic fee for peasant workers going to down town. This article also thinks that for most of the peasant households, their farming business have already bankrupted. How can they maintain simple reproduction for the large-scale farming industry? How can such a large number of farmers in China make a living? It is becuase that there are over 200 million peasant workers working in the urban area or in the township business. These people bring the income of about 1,000 billion Yuan annually to peasant households. That's the real power to support Chinese agriculture and peasants' life. To establish an harmonious society and solve the problem of"Rural economy, rural development and rural demography", measures should be taken immediately to solve the problems such as unrestricted low salary for peasant workers, boundless long working hours, terrible working environment and the blankness of working labor insurance. Since the reform and opening up, fast development of economy remarkably enhanced China's Overall National Strength. We have already had the ability to establish a comprehensive relatively-low-level social security system.