外商直接投资与中国雾霾治理——基于要素市场扭曲视角的分析

结合寻租理论与地方政府竞争理论，以外资企业与地方政府互动为切入点，构建"FDI-要素市场扭曲-雾霾污染"的逻辑框架，基于中国2004~2018年城市面板数据，构造动态空间杜宾模型与空间联立方程模型研究FDI对雾霾污染的影响机制，结果显示：（1）FDI既通过产业结构升级、环境技术溢出（区域内与区域间）、源自全球价值链分工的空间溢出发挥治霾效应，又通过要素市场扭曲（区域内与区域间）与经济规模加剧雾霾，最终总体上有利于治霾；（2）为吸引FDI，地方政府在要素市场上存在"逐底竞争"，加剧了要素市场扭曲；（3）要素市场扭曲削弱了FDI的产业结构升级效应与环境技术溢出效应，并刺激其经济增长效应，从而不利于发挥其治霾效应；（4）雾霾污染存在显著的路径依赖特征与空间溢出效应，并抑制偏好优质环境的FDI的流入。

Foreign Direct Investment and Haze Pollution Governance in China-Analysis from the Perspective of Factor Market Distortion

Combining rent-seeking theory with local government competition theory, taking the interaction between foreign companies and local governments as the starting point, this paper constructs a logical framework of "FDI-factor market distortion-haze pollution", based on China's urban panel data from 2004 to 2018, this paper constructs a dynamic spatial Dubin model and a spatial simultaneous equation model to test hypothesis. The research finds that:(1) FDI not only reduces haze pollution through industrial structure upgrade, environmental technology spillover (intra-regional or interregional), and spatial spillover originating from the division of global value chains, but also intensifies haze pollution through factor market distortion(intra-regional or interregional) and economic scale. Ultimately, FDI is conducive to haze management; (2) In order to attract FDI, local governments have a "bottom-to-bottom competition" in the factor market, exacerbating the distortion of the factor market; (3) Factor market distortion weakens the industrial structure upgrade effect and environmental technology spillover effect of FDI, and stimulates its economic growth effect, which is not conducive to exerting its positive effect in reducing haze pollution; (4) Haze pollution has significant path-dependent characteristics and space spillover effect, and inhibits the inflow of FDI that prefers high-quality environment.