1949年以来中国工业化的“轻、重”之辨

在1949—2005年中国工业化进程中,“轻、重”关系发生了三次大的转变:在1949—1978年的求强阶段,工业化的“轻、重”关系表现为“重重轻轻”①;在1979—1997年的求富阶段,工业化的“轻、重”关系表现为“农、轻、重”同步发展;在1998—2005年探索新型工业化道路阶段,工业化的“轻、重”关系表现为政府和企业都在通过结构调整寻找新的经济增长点,以实现快速发展。通过对工业化三个阶段的分析,提出要纠正有关“轻、重”问题的五个认识误区。

The Relation Between Light and Heavy Industry of China's Industrialization Since 1949

In the process of China's industrialization from 1949 to 2005, the relation between China's light industry and heavy industry had experienced three major transformations. During 1949—1978, the period of pursuing strong capacities, China had been putting emphasis on heavy industry and ignoring light industry; During the period of wealth-seeking, from 1979—1997, agriculture, light industry, and heavy industry were emphasized equally. During 1998—2005, China entered a period of seeking new road of industrialization. During this period, the government and enterprises are seeking new growth points for China's economy through structure adjustments, in order to achieve rapid development. By analysis of the three periods of China's industrialization, this paper believes that there are five mistakes about the “light and heavy” of China's industry should be corrected.