公共租赁住房租金定价方法比较研究及其借鉴

从英国开始推行公共租赁住房以来，公共租赁住房已经有几百年的历史。公共租赁住房的租金定价关系到政府的财政负担、社会投资者的收益和保障对象的可支付性，因此成为学术探讨和实践中的热点问题。本文总结了国内外公共租赁住房定价的影响因素，总结了定价方法，分为市场法、成本法和收入法，分析了各自的优劣势。并且结合北京公租房项目实践设想了一种综合上述三种方法的定价方法，具体为：在提供政策性土地和金融支持以及税费减免基础上，先测算住房建设规划期内区域单个项目的成本租金，然后根据市场租金设定每个项目的参照成本租金，并且进行多项目参照成本租金平衡。公租房租金和租房补贴分离，租房补贴与保障对象的收入匹配，使保障对象实际支付可负担租金，从而提高定价的效率和公平。

Comparative Studies on Pricing Method of Public Rental Housing and its Implications

Public housing was adopted by Britain several hundred years ago. The rent of public housing is related to the fiscal burden of governments, the profits of social investors and the affordability of beneficiaries. Therefore, it becomes the hot issue of academic research and practices. This paper examines not only the influential factors of public housing pricing at home and abroad, but also the pricing methods, which consists of market approach, cost approach and income approach. The advantages and disadvantages of those approaches are also involved. Besides, here designed a pricing method which incorporates the practice of Beijing public housing programmes and the above-mentioned three approach- es. It goes like this： based on policy-related lands, financial support and deduction of taxes, the measurements of cost rent of goes first; all cost rents are every individual programme in the planning of multiple housing progammes adjusted with the reference of market rents of multiple programmes so as to balance the pool and varied with location. Rents of public rental housing and housing subsidy of middle and low income families should be separated, and subsidy should be matched with the income of beneficiaries in order to ensure the affordability of beneficiaries, which enhance the efficiency and justice of pricing.