读懂<资本论>的"效用/劳动价值论"--从方法论角度再探马恩价值理论全相

许多复杂理论体系的实质与其方法论密不可分。马恩共识于“价值是对效用和劳动花费的衡量”,“价值”与“生产力”同义;但是,这种价值理论在《资本论》各卷中的展述却是按照“从抽象上升到具体”的方法,从抽象的“劳动价值论”出发,一步一步上升为“具体”的。细读之,可以发现,每向“具体”前进一步,都靠劳动价值论与某种突现使用价值决定性的理论相结合而完成,其理论实质是使劳动价值论被纳入唯物史观框架。其中包括,第二卷指出,一旦要具体考察社会总资本的流通,就不能只囿于劳动价值论,还要考虑社会规模的使用价值即社会效用,并依此建立了再生产理论;第三卷又进而指出,从总体上考察资本主义生产,更不能囿于第一卷对价值规律的抽象论述,而要充分理解:价值规律的进一步展开,包括了对社会规模的使用价值即社会效用决定意义的含纳,此即宏观的“效用/劳动价值论”。显然,从方法论层面看,马恩的价值理论不限于劳动价值论,它是由抽象劳动价值论上升为具体的宏观的“效用/劳动价值论”的理论体系。

REDISUSSING REALITY ON THE THEORY OF VALUE BY METHOD FROM ABSTRACTION TO CONCRETION

The common idea between Marx and Engels that"value is a rule of utility and cost labor,value is the same meaning as pro ductive forces."But the theory of Value appears in"Capital"is from"Abstraction"to Concretion,or from the Labor theory of Value to Concretion.Reading carefully.we may find out every step toward"concretion"is finished by both Labor Theory of value and Utili ty Theory of Value.Really,the theory depend s on"the System of Historical Materialism."In the sec ond copy of"Capital".if looking into floating of total social capital,the Labor Theory of Value is not only mentioned but noticed social utility,social value in use,by which reproduction theory found ed.And advancely in the third copy,we would not stop at rule of value in first copy described ab stractly.We should understand it enough that rule of value has one of meanings determined by social utility.This is"Util ity/Labor Theory of Value".So the theory is not limited to the Labor theory of value,but a system of"Utility/Labor Theory of Value.