Effects of gender and other factors on rank of law professors in colleges of business: Evidence of a glass ceiling

The matter of salary levels and professional advancement is much discussed and debated today in business and academe. This paper examines the matter of salary determinants for law professors in colleges of management in the U.S. with an emphasis on examining how gender might affect professorial salary and rank. By focusing on one discipline in today's academe and in a college having great student demand (management) coupled with a professed commitment to women's rights and by holding constant variables relevant to salary and rank, this study, addresses the matter of whether gender is a factor in determination of academic rank and salary. This study used correlation and path analysis in arriving at our conclusions. Our sample size meets statistically acceptable parameters. Our results corroborate earlier research which finds significant pay differences between women and men, but they show that at least for the sample of legal studies professors in this study, these pay differences are attributable to the number of years spent in academe. If women have only recently enjoyed opportunities for careers in this discipline, they do not have as much seniority, on average as men. Consequently, if universities pay salaries at least partly according to seniority, women's salaries are likely to be lower than men's salaries, as our study indicates. At the same time, however, even after controlling for seniority and other factors that might affect rank, there are still significantly fewer women in the higher ranks. These results point to the operation of a glass ceiling which restricts promotional opportunities for women in other fields.Prof. Bruce D. Fisher is a Professor of Legal Studies at the University of Tennessee-Knoxville. Formerly an attorney in the Office of General Counsel of the United States Environmental Protection Agency in Washington, D.C., Prof. Fisher has published in 42Rutgers Law Review 349 (1991), theCincinnat Law Review, theAdministrative Law Review, and numerous other legal and business publications. His degrees include BBA, '65; JD, '68; LLM, '74.Prof. Steve Motowidlo is an Associate Professor of Management at the University of Florida. He has a BA '69 and a Ph.D. '76. He has published numerous articles in theJournal of Applied Psychology and other academic journals. He consults extensively with industry.Mr. Steve Werner is currently a Ph.D. candidate in Human Resources at the University of Florida. He has a BA degree in mathematics '85, an MBA '86, and has worked in industry prior to pursuing his Ph.D. He has published in theColumbia Journal of World Business.