中国技术创新40年:四阶爬坡轨迹述评

将改革开放40年间我国技术创新实践描述为“四阶爬坡”，即学习引进补短期、引进模仿改进期、整合助推自创期、自主迭代提升期，并对各个阶段的时代背景及其具体创新模式作出了解释。进而，梳理并讨论了40年间我国技术创新实践的主要特点、基本经验与主要教训。随着创新驱动发展的深化，特别是国家、业界越来越重视“创新引领发展”，现阶段亟待关注如下几个方面：国际治理结构重构背景下国际创新竞争与合作机制可能发生的变化；大科技时代“引领性科技创新”的发生及实现机制，国家创新生态系统应有的结构和体制机制，未来科学创新主体和技术创新主体在国家创新生态系统中应处的“生态位”；“基于科学的产业”创新和发展机制以及中国情境下创新与发展研究的逻辑构建问题。

40 Years of Technological Innovation in China: AReview of the Four order Climbing Track

This paper combs the basic image of China's technological innovation practice during the 40 years of reform and opening up, and describe it as "four order climbing", that is, the first stage of learning introducing supplying, the second stage of introducing imitating improving, the third stage of integrating boosting creating, and the fourth stage of innovating iterating promoting. It also explains the background of each stage and its specific innovation model. Furthermore, it combs and discusses the main features, basic experiences and main lessons of China's technological innovation practice in the past 40 years. This paper believes that with the deepening of innovation driven development, especially in the field of "innovation leads development" which is valued by country and industry, at this stage, it is urgent to pay more close attention to the following issues:first of all, the possible changes in mechanisms of international innovation competition and cooperation under the background of potential reconstruct for international governance; secondly, the occurrence and realization mechanism of "leading scientific and technological innovation" in the era of large science and technology, as well as the structural and institutional mechanisms of the national innovation ecosystem, and also the "ecological niche" in which the future scientific innovation subject and technological innovation subject should be in the national innovation ecosystem; furthermore, the mechanism of innovation and development for "science based industries"; last but not least, the logical construction of innovation and development research under the Chinese scenario.