市场需求要素驱动的创新溢出效应研究

市场需求是技术创新的内在源泉，现有研究并未将产品市场和技术市场统一纳入创新能力提升分析框架，不能全面反映市场需求对创新活动的影响效果。在理论模型推演出市场需求与创新水平存在关联性基础上，基于创新数量和创新质量双维视角，采用2004-2016年中国内地30省份面板数据，分别检验市场需求要素对研发投入和创新效率的影响。结果发现：国内市场需求既显著激励了研发投入强度，又明显提高了创新效率水平，培育国内市场需求对创新活动同时具备数量和质量的双重激励；出口贸易对研发投入的影响不明显，但显著有利于创新效率提升；进口贸易与技术交易市场对创新活动存在数量和质量双重压力，是阻碍市场创新效力发挥的主要因素，降低二者〖JP〗的负面约束值得重视；现阶段我国创新活动仍表现为显著的“资本驱动型”特征，R&D人力资本投入数量很高，但贡献相对有限。上述实证研究结论可为高质量发展背景下，通过启动市场需求进而提升自主创新能力和制定产业结构升级政策提供参考。

Research on Innovation Spillover Effect Driven by Market Demand Factors

Market demand is the internal source of technological innovation. However, the existing research does not include product market and technology market in the analysis of the improvement of innovation capability. As a result, the existing research cannot comprehensively reflect the influence of market demand on innovation activities. Based on the theoretical model that derives the correlation between market demand and innovation, the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2004 to 2016 are used to test the impacts of the market demand factors on the R&D investment and innovation efficiency in terms of the quantity and quality of innovation activities. The results are as follows: firstly, the domestic market demand not only significantly stimulates the R&D investment intensity, but also improves innovation efficiency, so the cultivation of domestic market demand improves both the quantity and quality of the innovation activities; secondly, the impact of export trade on R&D investment is not obvious, but it is significantly conducive to the improvement of innovation efficiency; thirdly, the import trade and technology trading market attenuate both the quantity and quality of innovation activities, so they are the main factors hindering the effectiveness of market innovation and attention should be attached to neutralizing the two negative factors; fourthly, at present, China's innovation activities are still driven by capital and the investment of human capital in R&D is high, but its contribution is relatively limited. The above research provides an important basis for China to adopt differentiated demand stimulus policies to enhance regional innovation capabilities in the new era.