中国钢铁企业的相对效率与规模效率

本文采用数据包络分析法(DEA)对中国57家重点大中型钢铁联合企业的相对效率和规模效率进行实证研究,研究表明:这些企业在效率上存在显著差异,并且不少企业效率低下,我国钢铁工业优胜劣汰的竞争机制相对缺乏;大型和特大型钢铁企业相对中小型钢铁企业而言并不具备显著的效率优势,多数大型和特大型钢铁企业效率并不高;重点大中型钢铁联合企业中大部分企业是规模有效或者接近于规模有效的,规模效率并不是影响大中型钢铁企业生产经营效率的主要因素。进一步的研究表明,钢铁联合企业的规模对效率几乎没有什么影响,我国钢铁工业并不存在显著规模经济特征。相关部门应该将政策重点从扩大企业规模转移到建立并维护公平竞争和优胜劣汰的市场竞争机制上来。

Relative Efficiency and Scale Efficiency of Chinese Iron and Steel Enterprises

This paper applies DEA to measure relative efficiency and scale efficiency on 57 key large and medium sized iron and steel enterprises.The research indicates that the distinct difference of efficiency exists among those key large and medium sized iron and steel enterprises,some enterprises' efficiency is low and our iron and steel industry lacks the competition mechanisms of the survival of the fittest.The large and oversized iron and steel enterprises do not have notable efficiency superiority compared to the medium and small sized iron and steel enterprises.The efficiency of most large and oversized iron and steel enterprises is not high.A majority of the key large and medium sized iron and steel enterprises are scale efficiency or close to scale efficiency.The scale efficiency is not the main factor that affects the operational efficiency.Further research indicates that enterprise's scale don't influence its efficiency,there is not remarkable scale economy in the iron and steel industry.Relative departments should shift the policy emphases from expanding enterprise scale to building and maintaining fair competition and the market competition mechanisms of the survival of the fittest.