逆向研发外包与中国企业成长——基于长江三角洲地区自主汽车品牌的案例研究

传统上外包一直被视为发达国家企业主导的单向游戏，然而在实践中却出现了一种新的外包形式——逆向研发外包。本文将逆向研发外包定义为劳动力成本低的发展中国家企业反过来作为主动发包者的发包过程。通过建立数理模型，本文证明逆向研发外包成立的两个基本条件是发展中国家巨大的市场前景以及发达国家和发展中国家之间激烈的市场竞争。本文以长江三角洲地区自主汽车品牌奇瑞和吉利为案例，深入研究了发展中国家企业通过逆向研发外包发展自主技术能力的过程，提出逆向研发外包是发展中国家企业成长的一种战略选择，对发达国家企业也有着特殊的意义。

Reverse Outsourcing: A Growth Path of Chinese Firms

Previous research often regard outsourcing as a one-direction game led by developed countries.This paper presents a new pattern of outsourcing and a new approach of learning referred to as reverse outsourcing.Firms in low-wage countries are becoming project owners and firms in high-wage countries are vendors.Using the example of two Chinese auto manufacturers,Chery and Geely,as its basis of analysis,we describe the mechanism and motives of reverse outsourcing from perspectives of both South and North countries.We find that the market volume of less-developed countries(LDCs) and the fierce competition in LDC and DC markets are preconditions of reverse outsourcing.We also find that reverse outsourcing is a feasible strategy for LDC firms,and even for DC firms.