黑龙江省国有重点林区林业经济投入产出效率研究

运用DEA模型对黑龙江省国有重点林区40个林业局进行推测计算投入产出效率,研究发现:林业经济投入产出效率在黑龙江省国有重点林区整体较低,只有少数林业局能够达到有效的投入产出状态,林业投资和劳动力存在显著的投入冗余,林业总产值存在较大的增长空间,通过扩大生产规模等方式会降低投资冗余,但仍会存在较大的劳动力冗余,林业资源的合理配置与要素投入的结构优化是提升黑龙江省国有重点林区林业经济投入产出效率根本途径。

Study on the Input-Output Efficiency of Forestry in Key State-Owned Forest Areas of Heilongjiang Province

⑴ Background——The development mode of forestry economy in key state-owned forest areas of Heilongjiang Province has gradually changed from the supply of woody forest products to the supply of non-woody forest products and ecological services.The transformation of forestry economic development mode and forestry production structure inevitably requires the corresponding transformation of the input structure of forestry elements.In fact,the dependence of forestry production activities on forest resources often leads to low input-output efficiency of forestry,while the lag of the transformation of input structure of factors brought about by the transformation of forestry economy and the adjustment of forestry industry will lead to the disharmony between input structure of factors and output structure of products.This disharmony often further reduces the input-output efficiency of forestry economy in key state-owned forest areas of Heilongjiang Province.⑵ Methods——The DEA model was used to estimate and calculate the input-output efficiency of 40 forestry bureaus in key state-owned forest areas of Heilongjiang Province.The completion of forestry investment represents forestry investment.The annual average number of employees on the job represents the forestry labor force,and the total forestry output value represents forestry output.The BCC model for the input and output of forestry economy was established.The research data were obtained from China Forestry Statistical Yearbook from 2011 to 2017 and the internal statistics of Longjiang Forest Industry Group.⑶ Results——The input-output efficiency value and scale reward of forestry economy showed that the comprehensive efficiency value of annual input and output of forestry economy of 40 forestry bureaus in key state-owned forest areas of Heilongjiang Province is all less than 1,that is,the input-output efficiency of 40 forestry bureaus is wholly at a low level.According to the input-output efficiency values of 40 forestry bureaus in 2017,the input-output efficiency of them is significantly different.Among the 40 forestry bureaus,only Qinghe forestry bureau has reached DEA efficiency and maximized the input-output efficiency.In addition,on the premise of existing labor and capital input,the total output value of forestry industry in key state-owned forest areas of Heilongjiang Province is relatively insufficient.In 2017,the total output value of 40 forestry bureaus in key state-owned forest areas of Heilongjiang Province still exists at least 9.36% growth space.⑷ Conclusions and Discussions——The input-output efficiency of capital and labor force in the development of forestry economy in key state-owned forest areas of Heilongjiang Province is relatively low as a whole.In fact,both forestry investment and labor force are relatively elastic input factors.Both in quantity and structure,large adjustments can be made in the short and medium term,which will help to improve the input-output efficiency of forestry economy in key state-owned forest areas of Heilongjiang Province as soon as possible.Under the constraints of national forestry policy,it is an effective way to improve the efficiency of forestry investment in the future development of forestry economy by rationally adjusting the structure of forestry investment and promoting the multi-dimensional integration of non-wood forestry industry development and forestry ecological construction.