重点国有林区改革进程对职工工资性收入影响研究

以2001—2016年东北、内蒙古重点国有林区87个林业局为样本,采用固定效应模型对重点国有林区林业局职工工资性收入影响因素进行估计,并采用面板数据分位数回归进一步分析改革进程对不同收入组林业局职工的影响。研究结果表明:重点国有林区改革的持续推进有利于职工工资性收入的增长;改革进程对高、中、低各收入组林业局职工工资性收入均具有显著的正向影响,收入越高的林业局职工从重点国有林区改革进程中获益越大。因此,提出继续深化改革、关注天保工程资金在重点国有林区创造就业岗位及增加职工收入等方面的经济社会效益、关注中低收入职工群体等建议。

Study on the Impact of the Reform Process of Key State-owned Forest Regions on the Wage Income of Workers

⑴ Background——Since the 1980 s,key state-owned forest areas have explored various forms of reform at various levels,including the Country,Forest Industry Group and Forestry Bureau.In addition to the significant ecological benefits,the achievements of the reform of key state-owned forest areas in the past 20 years have also markedly improved the income of workers' families.Among the income of workers' families,wage income is the most important income,whether the series of reforms in key state-owned forest areas in the past 20 years have a significant positive impact on the wage income of workers,it also needs to be verified by empirical data.⑵ Methods——The data comes from the China Forestry Statistical Yearbook.Estimating the influencing factors of wage income of workers in key state-owned forestry bureaus by using fixed-effects model,then use panel data quantile regression to further analyze the impact of the reform process on the workers of forestry bureaus of different income groups.⑶ Results——According to the regression results of fixed effect models of 1392 sample data of 87 forestry bureaus in key state-owned forest areas in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia from 2001 to 2016,the regression coefficients between the proportion of employees in the reporting period and the base period,total output value,timber production,tending area,management and protection area,afforestation area,total funds and the average annual salary of the staff of forestry bureau respectively are-24.161 76***,-0.000 49,-0.000 08***, 0.000 08**, 0.003 28, 0.00012 and 0.000 25***.This shows that the continuous advancement of key state-owned forest areas is conducive to the growth of wage income of workers,the reform process has a significant positive impact on the wage income of workers in the high,medium and low income groups,and the workers of forestry bureau from the reform of key state-owned forest areas get the greater benefits for the higher income groups.⑷ Conclusions and Discussions——The continuous advancement of key state-owned forest areas is conducive to the growth of wage income of workers.Firstly,based on the fixed effect model estimation of panel data,it is found that with the continuous advancement of the reform process of key state-owned forest areas,the wage income level of workers of forestry bureau has been significantly improved.Due to the implementation of a series of reform policies such as Natural Forest Protect Project,the forestry bureau's operating income has gradually decreased,so the total output value of forestry bureau has no significant impact on the wage income of workers.The amount of labor for forest tending has a significant impact on the wage income of forest workers.Secondly,through the further estimation of quantile regression,it is found that the reform process of key state-owned forest areas has a significant positive impact on the wage income of workers in the high,medium and low income groups.And the higher the income,the greater the benefits of the workers of forestry bureau from the reform of the key state-owned forest areas.The wage income of the high-income group has the largest increase,and the impact of the reform process of the key state-owned forest areas is reduced by the income group.Suggestions are as follows:Firstly,the key state-owned forest areas continue to deepen the reform of the forestry management system and market-oriented reform aimed at establishing the separation of government and enterprises,and gradually diversify redundant personnel in the reform process.Secondly,the funds invested in Natural Forest Protect Project can focus on the economic and social benefits of creating jobs and increasing worker income in key state-owned forest areas.Thirdly,the key state-owned forest areas need to focus on low-and middle-income workers.