生物脱氮新途径在人工湿地中的应用前景展望

介绍了人工湿地脱氮处理工艺的研究现状，分别简述了短程硝化-反硝化、厌氧氨氧化、全程自养脱氮、硫自氧反硝化等4种生物脱氮途径的基本原理，分析了它们应用过程中的影响因素，并进一步比较了4种脱氮新途径的工艺特点、脱氮途径、启动运行情况以及优缺点；分析表明，通过生物脱氮新途径，可强化人工湿地的生物脱氮作用，同时也可以解决人工湿地脱氮处理技术所面临的技术难题。基于此，对人工湿地脱氮领域进行了展望：1）新型生物脱氮克服了传统生物脱氮存在的耗氧量大、碳源不足等问题，在未来人工湿地脱氮领域将有更广泛的应用；2）在脱氮过程中，将多种类型的生化反应结合起来，突破传统反应的局限，将成为人工湿地实现氮脱除的新思路；3）在今后的研究中，可以有针对性地对湿地内的脱氮微生物及其影响因子进行研究，还可将传统生物脱氮与新型生物脱氮途径相结合，应用于人工湿地系统。

Application prospect of new methods on biological nitrogen removal in constructed wetland

The research status of denitrification treatment process in constructed wetland was introduced in this paper,and the basic principles of four biological denitrification pathways,including shortcut nitrification denitrification,anaerobic ammonia oxidation,whole process autotrophic denitrification and sulfur autotrophic denitrification were briefly described,the influencing factors in their application were analyzed.Then,the process characteristics,denitrification pathways,startup and operation of the four new denitrification pathways and their advantages and disadvantages were further compared.The analysis shows that the new way of biological denitrification can not only strengthen the biological denitrification of constructed wetland,but also solve the technical problems faced by the denitrification treatment technology of constructed wetland.Based on this,the prospect of constructed wetland denitrification is put forward:1) new biological denitrification overcomes the problems of high oxygen consumption and insufficient carbon source existing in traditional biological denitrification,and will be more widely used in the field of constructed wetland denitrification in the future;2) in the process of nitrogen removal,combining various types of biochemical reactions to break through the limitations of traditional reactions will become a new idea for nitrogen removal in constructed wetland;3) in the future research,the denitrification microorganisms and their influencing factors in the wetland can be studied pertinently,and the traditional biological denitrification and new biological denitrification approaches can be combined and applied to the constructed wetland system.HQ]