知识工作者过度劳动的形成机理探析

近年来,过度劳动在我国呈快速上升趋势,而知识工作者正成为“过劳死”的高危群体.为了有效预防和干预知识工作者过度劳动导致的社会问题,有必要从理论上说明其影响因素和形成机制.本文根据经济学、管理学和心理学的相关理论,将影响因素划分为前因变量、决定变量和调节变量三类,构建过度劳动形成机制的概念模型,从知识工作者的群体特征和个体特质出发,分析各影响因素间的相互关系及其作用机理.总体而言,个人因素和管理因素对知识工作者的过度劳动动机、意愿和行为产生不同程度的直接影响,工作任务因素、社会文化、经济和制度层面等深层次原因构成的环境因素则激励或约束着知识工作者,使其在具备一定过度劳动动机和意愿的情况下,较其他劳动者更容易付出超强度的劳动强度和超长的劳动时间.

Knowledge Worker Excessive Labor the Formation Mechanism of the Article

In recent years,overwork in China rose up rapidly,and knowledge workers have became the "Karoshi" high-risk groups.In order to prevent and intervene overwork of knowledge workers,it is necessary to explain the influential factors and formation mechanism theoretically.According to several economics,management and psychology theories,the influential factors are classified as three types of antecedent variables,decision variables and adjustment variables,which help to build up a conceptual model of the formation mechanism.Individual and management factors make immediate impact,while task,socio-cultural,economic and institutional factors constitute environment variables,so that knowledge workers have a certain motivation and willingness to work on super strength and with long hours.