逆向外包与技能偏向性技术进步

经济新常态和新工业革命背景下，中国经济迫切需要通过技术创新，尤其是技能偏向性技术进步的创新来实现经济增长方式的转变和产业结构的升级。文章根据后金融危机时期中国企业加快海外并购等典型事实，基于李嘉图框架构建了包含逆向外包的一般均衡模型，从理论上论证了逆向外包作为一种后发国家集聚全球创新资源的新方式，能够弥补后发国家高技能劳动力的不足，诱导企业采用更加偏向技能劳动力的生产技术，进而对后发国家的技能偏向性技术进步产生促进作用。利用制造业16个细分行业2003－2011年样本数据的实证检验表明，本土制造业企业主导的逆向外包显著促进了制造业的技能偏向性技术进步，FD I和人力资本供给的增加加速了技能偏向性技术进步的形成和发展。文章的研究不仅丰富了现有的关于技能偏向性技术进步和逆向外包的全球化理论，对中国制造创新方式的转变和经济结构的调整也具有重要的启示。

Reverse Outsourcing and Skill-biased Technical Change

Under the background of China’s New Normal and new industrial revolu‐tion ,China’s economy urgently needs to realize the transformation of economic growth and upgrading of industrial structure through technical innovation ,especially skill-biased technical change .According to the stylized facts that firms speed up overseas mergers and acquisitions in the post-financial crisis ,this paper constructs a general equilibrium model including reverse outsourcing based on Ricardo framework ,and theoretically confirms that reverse outsourcing as a new method of gathering global innovation resources by late-de‐velopment countries can make up for a shortage of high-skilled labor in late-development countries and induce enterprises to use skill-labor-biased production technology ,thereby playing a promotion role in skill-biased technical change in late-development countries . Based on the data of 16 sub-industries in manufacturing from 2003 to 2011 ,empirical anal‐ysis shows that reverse outsourcing dominated by local manufacturing enterprises signifi‐cantly promotes skill-biased technical change in manufacturing ,and FDI & the increase in human capital supply accelerate the formation and development of skill-biased technical change .This paper not only enriches current globalization theories about skill-biased tech‐nical change and reverse outsourcing ,but also has important enlightenment to the trans‐formation of new manufacturing mode and the adjustment to economic structure in China .