私人代际转移动机研究*——基于CHARLS的实证分析

经济学家对代际的物质和时间转移的兴趣引发了人们对转移动机的研究与思考。传统的解释有两种：利他主义与交换互惠。本文利用CHARLS数据，对中国的代际转移动机进行实证研究，发现受传统文化的影响，中国的代际转移更多地表现出利他主义倾向，同时示范效应也有所体现，即个体在照顾父母的同时也在教育自己的孩子赡养父母，以期退休后得到子女的照顾。相对西方国家来说，我国养老金体系的压力较小。但随着老龄化的加剧和生育率的下降，为了缓解未来独生子女赡养双方父母的压力，应当在减少挤出私人代际转移的基础上完善社会保障体系，提高我国老年人口的生活质量。

MOTIVATIONS OF INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSFERS:ALTRUISM OR EXCHANGE---Evidence from CHARLS

Economists interest for private inter vivos monetary and time transfer has given rise to further research and thinking about the motivation of transfers. Traditionally there are two explanations for intra family transfers: altruism and exchange. Using updated data from CHALRS, this article gives an empirical analysis of motivation for private inter vivos transfers in China. We found that there are mixed motivations for intergenerational transfers, while altruism is more obvious. Meanwhile the demonstration effect is significant, individuals will give their parents more monetary transfers and visits more to teach their children to care about parents. Compared with developed countries, the pension burden in China is relatively lighter, however, with the deepening of population aging, it is crucial to refine current pension and social security systems and establish more nursing homes to improve the life of the elderly.