农地城市流转对不同年龄阶段失地农民的福利影响研究

研究目的:研究农地城市流转对不同年龄阶段失地农民的福利影响,为制定差别化的征地补偿政策提供借鉴。研究方法:以武汉市江夏区、东西湖区、新洲区和洪山区为研究区域,将失地农民分为小于45岁、45—65岁、大于65岁三个年龄阶段,然后以森的可行能力理论为依据,利用模糊数学法,对不同年龄段失地农民的福利变化进行定量测度。研究结果:(1)农地城市流转对不同年龄阶段失地农民的福利影响存在差异。45—65岁失地农民的福利变化最大,其福利水平下降了18.69%;其次是小于45岁的失地农民,下降了16.62%;大于65岁的失地农民下降了12.74%。(2)不同年龄阶段失地农民的各功能性活动指标在农地城市流转后的变化方向和变化程度存在不同。失地农民的经济状况、居住环境、健康、社会参与功能均有所下降,社会保障和住房条件功能得到了改善,但变化程度不同,而发展机遇和交往与闲暇功能在不同年龄阶段的失地农民中变化方向不同。研究结论:根据失地农民年龄特点制定合理细致的征地补偿政策,是提高失地农民福利水平、减小福利差异的重要途径。

The Impacts of Rural-Urban Land Conversion on the Welfare of Different Aged Land-lost Farmers

The purpose of this paper is to study the impacts of the rural-urban land conversion on the welfare of different aged farmers so as to provide a reference for formulating differentiated land compensation policies. Taking Jiangxia, Dongxihu, Xinzhou and Hongshan districts in Wuhan city as studying areas, this paper divides the land-lost farmers into three age groups: less than 45, 45-65 and more than 65. It selects the functional-activity index of land-lost farmers on the basis of Sen’s capability approach. Finally, by using the fuzzy mathematics method it measures and compares the welfare effects of the three age groups respectively. The analysis shows that 1） the overall welfare level of land-lost farmers of all age group declined but with a varying degrees. That is, the welfares of the farmers who are 45-65 years old, younger than 45 years old and older than 65 years old decreased by 18.69%, 16.62% and 12.74%, respectively; 2） The effect directions and degrees of functional activity indexes of different groups varied. Living environment, health, and social participation of all age groups decreased while social security and housing conditions increased. Development opportunity, communication and leisure have different changing directions in different age stages. These results call for differentiated and tailor-made compensation policies for different aged land-lost farmers, which can improve their welfare levels and reduce the gaps among them.