农村剩余劳动力转移的正反“拉力”与“推力”研究——对宽甸满族自治县“入户调查”资料的分析与思考

通过对宽甸满族自治县的入户调查发现,农村剩余劳动力在城镇从业一定程度上提高了农村家庭的收入水平,但是当前农村剩余劳动力转移存在正反两个方向的四种动力：城市不仅存在吸引农民入城务工的＂拉力＂,也存在将外来务工者推回农村的＂推力＂;而农村不仅存在将剩余劳动力推往城市的＂推力＂,也存在将外出务工者拽回来的＂拉力＂。正是在正反＂拉力＂与＂推力＂的综合作用下,部分农民选择了＂离土不离乡＂或＂离—返交替＂的半农半工模式。因此,小城镇建设具有重要的意义：可以通过发展农村经济＂拉住＂劳动力,以缓解城市就业压力;同时也有利于农民选择适合自己的生产和生活方式,实现农村剩余劳动力的多元化和逐步有序转移。

Research on Positive or Negative Propelling Force and Driving Force for Rural Surplus Labor Transfer --Analysis and Reflection on ＂Indoor Survey＂ Material from Kuandian Manchu Autonomous County

＂Indoor Survey＂ on Kuandian Manchu Autonomous County finds that the employment of rural surplus labor in the cities raises the income level of rural households to some extent, however, current rural surplus labor transfer has four kinds of driving forces in positive and negative two directions, i.e., the rural areas not only have the ＂propelling force＂ to push the rural surplus labor to the cities but also have the ＂driving force＂ to pull the migrant workers back to the rural areas, furthermore, the cities not only have the ＂driving force＂ to attract the peasants to work in the cities but also have the ＂propelling force＂ to push the migrant workers back to the rural areas. It is under the comprehensive action by ＂the propelling force＂ and ＂the driving force＂ that a part of the peasants choose half-worker-half-peasant model by ＂working in the cities but keeping their ID in the rural areas＂ or by ＂alternatively working in the cities or working in the rural areas＂. Thus, small city construction is of important significance to ＂keeping＂ the rural labor in the rural areas by developing rural economy to mitigate the employment pressure in the cities and to help the peasants to choose their own production and living methods so as to realize diversified and gradually ordered transfer of the rural surplus labor.