The CAGE around cyberspace? How digital innovations internationalize in a virtual world |
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| Institution: | 1. Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Management, Arcisstr. 21, 80333 München, Germany;2. Université Libre de Bruxelles, Solvay Brussels School Economics and Management, Avenue FD Roosevelt 50, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;3. University of Oklahoma, Price College of Business, 307 W. Brooks St., Norman, OK 73069, United States;4. Mendoza College of Business, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States;1. Department of Entrepreneurship, Baylor University, United States of America;2. Rucks Department of Management, E. J. Ourso College of Business, Louisiana State University, United States of America;3. Belk College of Business, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, United States of America;4. Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, United States of America;1. ETH Zurich, Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, Weinbergstrasse 56/58, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;2. University of Oldenburg, Department of Business Administration, Economics, and Law, Ammerlaender Heerstr. 114-118, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany |
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| Abstract: | This paper analyzes some salient factors affecting the internationalization speed of digital innovations by tracking international penetrations of 127 apps at Apple's app store. Although apps are globally available via online platforms, their international penetration is still subject to cultural, administrative, geographic, and economic (CAGE) distances that act as user adoption barriers to impede app internationalization. App developers may overcome these barriers by employing the demand-side strategies of engaging users in value co-creation. We contribute to an improved understanding of internationalization process in a digital context and also extend demand-side perspective to inform international entrepreneurship research. |
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