农业劳动力老龄化对生计效率的影响

目的 随着农业劳动力老龄化问题日益加剧，农户家庭生计资本和生计产出结构也发生了显著的变化。文章主要探讨农业劳动力老龄化对生计资源要素配置的影响及作用机理，进而为缓解农业老龄化危机、提高农户的自我发展能力提出合理化建议。方法 基于2021年陕南秦巴山区农户实地调研数据，运用DEA-Tobit二阶段模型验证二者之间的关系。结果 （1）陕南秦巴山区农户生计效率的规模效率最高，纯技术效率略低于规模效率，综合效率最低。大部分农户生计活动呈现规模收益递减状态，生计产出的增长低于生计投入的增长。（2）农业劳动力老龄化抑制了生计效率的提高，且在低收入水平家庭和户主低受教育程度家庭表现更为明显。（3）农业资金投入的增加能够缓冲农业劳动力老龄化对生计效率的负向影响。结论 因此，要正视农业劳动力老龄化现象，引导农户合理配置生计资源，提高农业资金投入使用效率，促进农户家庭自我发展能力。

THE EFFECT OF THE AGING OF AGRICULTURAL LABOR FORCE ON LIVELIHOOD EFFICIENCY

The aging of the agricultural labor force has significantly changed farmers'' livelihood capital and livelihood output structure. This paper discusses the impact and mechanism of agricultural labor aging on the allocation of livelihood resources and proposes reasonable suggestions to alleviate the agricultural aging crisis and improve farmers'' self-development ability. Based on the field survey data of farmers in the Qinba Mountains in southern Shaanxi in 2021, this study used the DEA-Tobit two-stage model to verify the relationship between the ageing of agricultural labor force and livelihood efficiency. Firstly, the scale efficiency of farmers'' livelihood efficiency was the highest in the Qinba Mountains area in southern Shaanxi. Furthermore, pure technical efficiency was slightly lower than scale efficiency, and comprehensive efficiency was the lowest. Most farmers'' livelihood activities demonstrated diminishing returned to scale, and livelihood''s growth output was lower than its input. Secondly, the aging of the agricultural labor force restrained livelihood efficiency improvements, which was more evident in low-income families and households with low education levels. Thirdly, an increase in agricultural capital investment buffered the negative impact of agricultural labor aging on livelihood efficiency. Therefore, we should address the aging of the agricultural labor force, guide farmers to reasonably allocate livelihood resources, improve the efficiency of agricultural capital investment and expenditure, and promote the self-development abilities of farmers'' families.