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Decomposition of tourism greenhouse gas emissions: Revealing the dynamics between tourism economic growth,technological efficiency,and carbon emissions
Institution:1. School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;2. School of Tourism and Cuisine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China;3. School of Economy and Management, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China;4. College of Economics, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150022, China;5. School of Foreign Language, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150028, China;6. School of Economics and Management, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China;1. Department of Land Resources and Tourism Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China;2. School of Territorial Resources and Tourism, Center for Tourism Research and Planning, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China;3. Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, 05405, USA;1. School of Geographical Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China;2. Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China;3. Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China;4. Division of Geography and Environmental Management, School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, M1 5GD, UK;5. Tourism and Social Administration College, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211171, China;1. GOVCOPP – Research Unit in Governance, Competitiveness and Public Policy, Portugal;2. Department of Economics, Management and Industrial Engineering, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal;3. CEFAGE – Center of Advanced Studies in Management and Economics, University of Évora, Portugal;1. College of Urban and Environment Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China;2. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China;3. State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China;4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
Abstract:This study proposes an analytical framework for decomposing the national tourism carbon footprint and carbon efficiency to identify the dynamics between economic growth, technological efficiency, and environmental externality. Using the environmentally extended input–output model and decomposition methods, tourism carbon changes are decomposed into the economic factors of total consumption and purchasing patterns, and the production factors of industry input structure and technological improvement. This macro-level approach provides a basis for 1) assessing whether total tourism emissions increase in direct proportion to tourism consumption over time, 2) tracing the underlying determinants and their effects on tourism emissions expansion and eco-efficiency performance, and 3) comparing the carbon performance of the tourism industry against the national average. Based on the example of Taiwan, the results demonstrate that we are a long way from the goal of using the technological efficiencies of production to offset tourism-based carbon emissions.
Keywords:Tourism carbon footprint  Decomposition analysis  Environmental extended input–output model  Taiwan
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