Land for welfare in China |
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| Institution: | 1. Grupo de investigación Geografía Física y Medio Ambiente, Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global, IOCAG, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, ULPGC. Parque Científico Tecnológico Marino de Taliarte. 35214 Telde,Canary Islands, Spain;2. Departamento de Ciencias Históricas, ULPGC, C/Pérez del Toro, 1, 35003 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain;1. Department of Human Geography and Planning, Utrecht University, Van Unnik Building (Office 420C), Heidelberglaan 2, P.O. Box 80115, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands;2. Department of Architecture, The University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 51, Box 2429, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium;3. Architecture Office: DDM ARCHITECTUUR, Nieuwpoortstraat 15, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium;4. Department of Building and Real Estate, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hunghom, Kowloon, Hong Kong;1. Center for Population and Development Studies, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100871, China;2. College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;4. Peking-University-Lincoln Institute Center for Urban Development and Land Policy, Beijing 100871, China;5. Faculty of Social Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong;1. Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China;2. Sichuan Center for Rural Development Research, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;3. College of Management, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;4. China Western Economic Research Center, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu 610074, China;5. Institute of Rural Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China |
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| Abstract: | Drawing on firsthand observations, Party and government documents, and survey data, this study examines the causes and processes of the land for welfare policy in China. The implementation of the land for welfare program cannot be understood in isolation from the profound urban–rural gap in the land property rights regime and social welfare provision in China. The dual land tenure system allows local officials to generate revenue by expropriating rural land, which, to rural households, functions as a social insurance as well as an income-generating property. In the process of land requisition, land-losing villagers are provided with social welfare benefits to compensate for their loss of their land's insurance function. Such provision, however, is not developed out of the local governments’ benign intention, but their strategic reaction to the central government's development program that combines rural social welfare provision with a land rewarding system, which provides an opportunity for local officials to gain more land, a valuable asset for local governments. The provision of social welfare benefits is selective: affected rural households are provided with welfare benefits that are less costly to the local government, typically in the form of a pension insurance. |
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| Keywords: | Land quotas Land-taking compensation Social welfare provision Urban–rural divide China |
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