Normal Values and Average Values

This essay discusses the implications of the idea that the Keynesian premise implies deviations between the normal and the average degrees of utilization. A system of equations called the ``average system'' is proposed for the study of average values, as distinct from normal values, by way of a hypothetical steady- state growth path for each sector. A long-period implication of the short-period under-utilization of productive capacity is presented in terms of a two-sector model.