中国水权交易的发展及其试点推广效应

水权交易是目前解决水资源稀缺的一项重要政策工具,亦是中国当前水资源管理改革的重要方向之一。基于中国水权交易所2016—2022年的交易数据对中国水权交易的总体概况、不同交易类型的水权交易特征进行统计描述性分析,并讨论其试点推广效应。研究表明:目前中国的水权交易以取水权交易为主,其次为区域水权交易,灌溉用水户水权交易渐趋活跃；区域水权交易主要表现为用水总量指标在区域间的重新配置,取水权交易主要表现为行业间的取水权交易,而灌溉用水户水权交易主要表现为行业内的水权交易；政府在水权交易中发挥了重要作用,随着水权交易的发展,参与主体开始出现多元化,更多的用水户开始进入水市场；中国的水权交易试点具有一定的推广效应,不仅仅表现为“量”的增多,还表现在交易方式上的创新。中国水权交易未来的发展空间在于不断创新水权交易方式并激励更多的用水户参与水权交易,需要因地制宜推进水权改革,加快推动初始水权的分配与确权工作；同时,还需要进一步完善水资源计量与监控体系,并积极推动水权交易法规制度建设,进一步推进水权交易市场的发展。

The development and promotion effect of water rights trading experiment in China

Water rights trade is an important policy instrument to resolve water scarcity issues and is one of the important directions of current water management reform in China. Based on a unique consecutive water rights trading dataset of China water exchange during 2016-2022, this paper statistically analyzes the development of water rights trade, the characteristics of different water trading types, and the extension effect of water rights trading experiment in China. The results show that: currently, Chinese water rights trade is mainly on water-drawing right trade and secondly on regional water rights trade, while the water rights trade of irrigation water users are increasingly active; the main performance of regional water rights trade is the reallocation of aggregate water requirement indicators, and the main performance of water-drawing right trade is a trade inter industry while the main performance of water rights trade of irrigation water users is a trade intra industry; the government plays an important role in the water rights trade, but along the development of water rights trade; the participants are beginning diversified and more water users are beginning to access to water market; the extension effect of water rights trading experiments not only showed growing trading amount but also showed innovation of the transaction modes. The further development of Chinese water rights trade lies in constantly innovating the transaction modes, encouraging more water users to participant water trade, promoting water rights reform and adjusting measures to local conditions, and speeding up promotion of the initial water rights allocation and confirmation. Simultaneously, metering and detection system needs to be improved and the construction of legal institutions of water rights trade needs to be promoted to push the development of water rights trade in China.