土地科学学科建设若干基本问题的反思与探讨

研究目的：探讨土地科学学科建设的基本理论问题，促进学科的成熟和完善。研究方法：比较研究法和理论分析法。研究结果：土地科学的学科成熟度依然较低，主要原因一是缺乏内在一致的理论体系和学科范式，对相关学科具有高度依赖性；二是研究对象的分散和研究深度的丧失；三是过于偏重行业应用而学术性不足。土地科学研究内容的过度宽泛影响学科的成长；水利科学围绕工程范畴推进学科建设和发展的路径及经验，值得学习和借鉴。研究结论：（1）土地利用作为土地科学的“起始范畴”，符合学科逻辑起点的4方面规定性；（2）土地学科的名称可确定为：土地科学与工程，其核心内容主要包括土地形成与演化、结构与功能、利用与控制、改造与建设及其相互关系，可以用一个简单的4角锥体模型来表示；（3）土地科学与工程的学科体系可以分为土地科学、土地整治工程、土地测控工程、土地规划与利用4个二级学科；（4）土地科学与工程学科的方法论可以表述为：空间分析+共轭论+追溯学+实证主义；（5）土地科学与工程学科的基本范畴可以围绕土地结构与功能、土地过程与控制、土地承载性与持续性3大板块开展学科的理论框架建构。

Reflections and Discussions on Several Basic Issues of the Disciplinary Construction of Land Science

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the basic theoretical issues on disciplinary development of land science, and to promote its maturity and improvement. Comparative research method and theoretical analysis method are employed in this paper. The results show that the maturity of land science is still quite low due to the lack of theoretical system and disciplinary paradigm with inherent consistency, the increase of research fields but the decrease of research depth, and the emphasis on application projects but the ignorance on academic study. Excessive broad research contents have impacted the development of land science. The path and experience of water conservancy science around the engineering categories to promote discipline construction and the development is worth learning and using for reference. The conclusion of the paper is that as the logic origin of land science, land use conforms to the four regulations. The name of the discipline can be land science and engineering, the core contents are formation and evolution, structure and function, utilization and control, reclamation and construction, and their relations that can be expressed with a simple 4-corner cone model. Land science and engineering can be divided into four secondary discipline including land science, land consolidation and rehabilitation engineering, land survey and control engineering, land use and planning. The methodologies of land science and engineering should be a combination of spatial research, conjugate analysis, traceable study and positivism. The theoretical framework of this discipline can be built up based on three aspects including land structure and function, land evolution and control, land carrying capacity and sustainability.