重庆市土地租赁户农作物选择机制及其对粮食安全的威胁

研究目的：通过对重庆市自耕模式和土地流转模式下主要农作物收益和成本进行比较分析，揭示土地流转成本—收益胁迫下农户农作物选择及其对粮食安全的威胁。研究方法：成本收益分析。研究结果：在区位条件好的地方，土地租金占农户现金成本的比例高达61.77%；土地流转成本—收益胁迫下，农户最优选择是种植收益率更高的马铃薯、茄子和萝卜等蔬菜作物，压缩稻谷、玉米等粮食作物；土地租金压力测试表明蔬菜作物可承受压力远大于粮食作物，这使得粮食作物缺乏竞争力；土地流转增多将减少粮食作物种植比重，并威胁地区粮食安全。研究结论：为保障粮食安全，建议地方政府应根据各种农作物的成本收益对粮食作物种植大户提供政策补贴，通过农业保险等市场化手段解决经济作物种植风险。

The Crops Choice Mechanism of Farmland Leasers and Its Impacts on Food Security in Chongqing City

The purpose of this study is to compare the cost and benefit of the main agricultural products between the self-production mode and the land transfer mode in Chongqing. It further reveals the mechanism of land transfer mode on choosing food crops and economic crops, and its impact on food security. Method of cost-benefit analysis was employed. The results show that the land cost accounts for 61.77% of the total agricultural production cost in the area with better location condition. Therefore the best choice is to grow more potato, eggplant, radish and other vegetables, instead of rice and corn. The pressure test showed that the vegetable can prevent more risk than food crops, and it shows that the increase of land transfer will result in the reduction of grain crop planting, which threats the regional food security. It is concluded that the local governments should provide subsidies for the households for planting food crops and solve the risk of economic crops by some market-oriented methods, e.g., agricultural insurance.