国有银行改革的成本和收益

四家国有商业银行改革的成本和收益需从多角度来考察，从财务角度来看，四家银行通过剥离不良贷款，注资、股改上市带来巨大收益；从社会成本来看，高利差以及高不良贷款率意味着社会为国有商业银行支付较高的隐性成本；从历史角度来看，国有商业银行垄断国家金融业数十年，从理论上说，应当为出资人和国家贡献利润和超额利润，但是，高成本消耗了这种利润的大部分。总体来说，四家国有商业银行的改革是成功的，但并非四家国有商业银行的成功。

The costs and benefits of the state-owned commercial banks reform

It must be in many points of view to review the costs and benefits of the four state-owned commercial banks reform. In the point of finance, the four state-owned commercial banks bring enormous benefit by peeling off non-performing loans, adding capital, joint-stock system＇s reform and IPO. In the point of society, high interest rate balance and high non-performing loan rate mean that the society pays high hidden cost to the state-owned commercial banks. In the point of history, the state-owned commercial banks have monopolized the finance trade for decades of years; they should offer profit and excess profit to the investors and the country. But high cost used up most of the profit. In all, the reform of the four state-owned commercial banks may be successful, but not the success of the four state-owned commercial banks.