企业与市场:相关关系及其性质——一个基于回归古典的解析框架

通过对科斯替代逻辑的反思 ,重新考察了企业与市场的相关关系。认为交易费用的提出虽然打开了新古典企业的“黑箱” ,但是由此来解释企业的性质 ,其结论与现实相悖。本文提出了一个趋于古典的分析框架 ,发现企业与市场是分别建立在两种不同但有紧密相关性的分工基础上的 ,因而 ,它们各自的性质及其相互关系源于一般分工与个别分工各自的性质及其相关关系———企业是要素所有者为分享“合作剩余”而达成的合约 ,而市场则是商品所有者交换比较优势的制度安排。两者互补而不相互替代。这一结论较好地解释了实体经济中不论是企业规模 ,还是企业数量都在不断扩张 ,同时市场范围随之不断扩展 ,两方面相互促进、正相关推进发展的现实。

The Relationship between Firm and Market and Its Nature:An Analytical Framework Based on the Classical Economics

By reviewing Ronald Coase's substitutional logic of firm and market, this paper develops a framework, in which firm and market originate respectively from two kinds of different labor divisions. The nature of firm and market must be linked to the natures of general labor division and specific labor division: firm is a nexus of contracts which are reached by different factors' owners to share the residual of cooperation, while market is a system of institutional arrangements in which goods' owners will trade on comparative advantage. The relationship between firm and market is compliement instead of substitutional. The conclusion explains the expansion of firm both in scale and in quantity. It also explains the expansion of market scale.