广义转型视角下的制度移植——日本明治维新与俄罗斯休克疗法的比较研究

从广义上来说,转型是从一个社会成熟状态向另一个社会成熟状态的转变。通过移植先进国家的制度来推动制度变迁是实现转型的一种重要方式。在历史上,制度移植既有成功的经验,也有失败的教训。通过对日本明治维新和俄罗斯休克疗法的比较,文章认为,成功的制度移植需要注重对慢动制度的诱导。而教育、示范、学习乃至奖惩等方式在诱导慢动制度变革方面可以发挥重要的作用,从而为制度移植的成功提供保障。在此基础上,文章进一步分析了俄罗斯转型的发生机理和绩效。

The Transfer of Institutions from the Perspective of Generalized Transformation-A Comparative Study of Japan’s Meiji Restoration and Russia’s Shock Therapy

In general,transformation is the change from one state of mature society to another. Transferring institu- tions from advanced countries to promote institutional change is an important way to achieve transformation. Histori- cally speaking,there have been both successes and failures in transferring institutions. By comparing Japan’s Meiji Restoration and Russia’s Shock Therapy,this paper argues that the successful transfer of institutions needs to focus on including slow-moving institutions. Education,demonstrations,learning,and incentives can play an important role in guiding changes to slow-moving institutions,so as to guarantee the success of the transfer of institutions. Based on this,this paper makes a further analysis of Russia’s transformation and its results.