小麦种植效益影响因素与提高途径分析研究——以山东省日照市为例

小麦是世界各国重要粮食作物之一,也是我国整个农业生产的基础,处重要战略地位,关系民生和国家粮食安全。但在粮油大宗作物当中效益一直垫底,在迫切需要加快农业转型升级的同时,提高小麦种植效益非常重要。文章采用2000年以来有关数据,按高、中、低等3种不同产量水平计算产值,扣除当年种子、化肥、农药等直接成本和人工费用等间接成本,对小麦种植效益横向、纵向分析比较,得出近十几年来小麦种植效益大致经历了低迷期、增长期和稳定期等3个阶段,纯收入在45~400元/667m~2之间,效益增加主要得益于粮价的提高和政策性补贴。纵观国际市场、国内政策等宏观外因条件,结合人工、地力、劳动力素质等内因影响,解析了小麦种植效益制约因素。联系实际并辅以实例,提出了小麦当前种植效益在不能依靠小麦涨价的背景下,只能依靠科技手段,进一步挖掘增产潜力,走节本增效的路子。

ANALYSIS OF PLANTING BENEFIT INFLUENCE AND IMPROVING-WAY FOR WHEAT*---A CASE STUDY OF RIZHAO CITY,SHANDONG PROVINCE

Wheat,which is in the important strategic position and relation to the people′s livelihood and the nation-al food security,is one of the main food crops in the word,and also is the foundation of the whole agricultural pro-duction in our country,but the benefit of wheat is the lowest in staple crops. So it is very important to improve the planting benefit of wheat when to speed up the transformation and upgrading of agriculture is in urgent need. As a case study of Rizhao City in Shandong Province, this study calculates the production value which deducts direct costs and indirect costs according to three different output levels by using the data since the year 2000 to analyze the planting benefit of wheat. The conclusion is that in recent ten years the planting benefit of wheat experiences three stages which are the downturn,the growth and the stability,the net income is between 45 yuan/667m2 and 400 yuan/667m2 , and the planting benefit increased mainly benefits from higher food prices and policy-related subsidies. Besides,this study also analyzes the restraining factors of wheat planting benefit by combining the external condition and the internal cause. And the conclusion is that the way to improve the planting benefit of wheat isn′t higher wheat price,but relying on science and technology to excavate yield potential and reduce cost while efficiency increased.