环境成本内部化与产业国际竞争力

环境成本内部化是公认的纠正市场失灵的手段。作为达到可持续发展的必经之路，已经被政策制定者和环境学家广泛接受。虽然环境成本对竞争力影响的性质和程度主要是实证问题，但目前对环境成本内部化与产业国际竞争力的关系所做的经验分析存在许多困难和缺陷。所以，本文提出了一个新的分析框架，试图从成本和差异化两个方面对决定环境与竞争力关系的各个因素进行分析，并在对一些污染密集型产业进行实证分析的基础上，对发达国家和发展中国家各相关产业的国际竞争力受环境成本内部化影响的不同程度进行了比较，从而了解南北国家的出口产业在环境成本内部化影响下的脆弱程度。

Internalization of Environmental Cost and Industrial International Competitiveness

Internalization of environmental cost is an acknowledged measure for correcting market failures. It is widely accepted by strategy-makers and environmentalists as a means to sustainable development. Although the nature and extent of competitiveness impacts of environmental protection is largely an empirical question, in empirical analysis it has been difficult. Due to the difficulty, the paper proposes a new framework, and identified a number of factors that have a bearing on the competitiveness impact. Based on the classification of pollution-intensive industries, the paper analyzes the developed and developing countries according to their differing vulnerability to the competitiveness impacts of environmental cost internalization.