对外贸易开放、人力资本积累与企业技术创新

企业技术创新作为科技创新的核心部分,在促进经济高质量发展中的重要性日益凸显。通过构建一个包含消费部门和生产部门的两部门模型,探究对外贸易开放及其人力资本积累效应对企业技术创新的影响机制,随后基于2011-2017年中国31个省级区域的面板数据实证检验对外贸易开放、人力资本积累及二者的交互作用对企业技术创新的影响。结果显示:从整体层面来看,对外贸易开放不仅对企业技术创新产生直接影响,还会通过人力资本积累效应对企业技术创新产生间接影响;从区域异质性角度来看,贸易开放对企业技术创新产生的直接影响和间接影响存在着空间上的非均衡特征,表现为对发达的东部地区的企业影响更为明显,而对欠发达的西部和中部地区的企业影响相对较弱;从对外贸易方式来看,全样本分析表明出口贸易方式的人力资本积累效应对企业技术创新影响作用较强,而进口贸易方式的作用相对较弱。因此,应当注重不同贸易发展方式的人力资本积累效应差异及其对企业技术创新产生的影响,增强我国通过企业技术创新促进经济高质量发展的实效。

Opening of Foreign Trade,Human Capital Accumulation and Technological Innovation of Enterprises

High-quality economic development needs to be driven by science and technology innovation,and enterprise technology innovation,as an important core part of science and technology innovation,is becoming increasingly important in promoting high-quality economic development.Constructing a two-sector model including consumption sector and production sector,explore the influence mechanism of the opening of foreign trade and its human capital accumulation effect on technological innovation of enterprises.Then,based on the panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2011 to 2017,the paper empirically examines the impact of foreign trade openness,human capital accumulation and the interaction between them on technological innovation.The study finds that:from the overall perspective,foreign trade openness not only has a significant direct impact on technological innovation of enterprises,but also has an indirect impact on technological innovation of enterprises through the accumulation effect of human capital.From the view of regional heterogeneity,the direct and indirect impacts of trade openness on technological innovation of enterprises are characterized by spatial imbalance,the specific manifestation is that the human capital effect of trade openness in developed regions has more obvious advantages in influencing technological innovation of enterprises,while the impact of less developed regions is comparatively more obvious weaker.From the perspective of foreign trade methods,the full-sample analysis shows that the human capital accumulation effect of the export trade method has a strong influence on the technological innovation of enterprises,while the import trade method has a relatively weak effect.Therefore,we should pay attention to the effect of different trade development modes on the accumulation of human capital and on the technological innovation of enterprises.In this way,it can provide the path choice for our country's enterprises to enhance the technological innovation strength and promote the high-quality economic development.