公共政策及其响应:基于农民信任机制的解释——以农地确权政策为例

本文基于“交易类型—公平感知—政治信任”的研究框架,分析中国农村公共政策的响应逻辑。公共政策响应依赖于政治信任,较高水平的政治信任能够降低政策实施的交易成本。其内在机制在于,各层级政府与个体在政策响应过程中构成了康芒斯式的交易类型组合,进而催生个体产生不同的公平诉求,最终影响个体对各层级政府的政治信任。本文以农地确权政策为例,将政治信任作为农户响应农业政策的代理变量并使用广东省农户调研数据进行实证检验。结果表明,结果公平、程序公平、信息公平和人际公平均显著提升了农户对地方政府的政治信任;人际公平显著提升了农户对中央政府的政治信任;整体公平感知对农户的地方政府信任有显著正向影响。实证结果在控制住人际信任、家庭政治资本与社会网络、村庄禀赋与历史因素后仍然稳健。本文的政策启示是,在农村公共政策实施中,鼓励多维公平的实现,谨慎对待政策推进的效率攀比,这对提升农民的政治信任并激发社会活力具有重要现实意义。

Public Policy and Its Response:An Explanation Based on Rural Households’Trust Mechanism

Based on a research framework of“Transaction Formula—Fairness Perception—Political Trust”,this article analyzes the response logic of public policies in rural China.Public policy response relies on political trust,which can reduce the transaction costs of policy implementation.Its internal mechanism is that different levels of governments and individuals constitute a combination of Commons-type transaction formula in the process of policy response,which in turn leads to individuals’different fairness claims,and ultimately affects their political trust at different levels.This study takes the land rights certification policy as an example,regards political trust as the proxy variable of rural households’response to agricultural policy,uses rural households’survey data in Guangdong Province,and conducts an empirical analysis.It finds that results fairness,procedural fairness,information fairness and interpersonal fairness significantly improves the political trust of rural households in local governments,and interpersonal fairness significantly improves their political trust in the central government.The empirical results are still robust after interpersonal trust,family political capital and social networks,village endowment and historical factors are controlled.It implies that in the implementation of rural public policies,encouraging the realization of multi-dimensional fairness and prudently treating the efficiency of policy promotion have important practical significance,which can enhance rural households’political trust and stimulate social vitality.