“西方马克思主义”对第二国际经济决定论的批判及启示

第二国际时期，以伯恩斯坦和考茨基为代表的理论家对马克思主义进行了实证化理解，将马克思主义解读成庸俗经济决定论，对无产阶级革命产生了严重的负面影响。“西方马克思主义”奠基人卢卡奇、柯尔施和葛兰西等人对此展开了猛烈的批判。他们强调马克思和黑格尔思想的连续性，阐扬了马克思主义的历史辩证法，批判了第二国际的庸俗经济决定论、理论与实践相脱节，削减了实证主义对马克思主义的侵蚀，在一定意义上推动了马克思主义的健康发展。当今，经济决定论并没有消失，正在致力于建设社会主义市场经济的中国，其影响有增无减。科学发展观的提出，是对经济决定论的否定和颠覆。

Criticism of Western Marxism on Economic Determinism of the Second International and Its Enlightenment

During the period of the Second International, theorists represented by Bernstem and Kautsky regarded Marxism as positivism and defined it as vulgar economic determinism, leading to severely negative impacts on the proletarian revolution. The founders of western Marxism such as Lukacs,Korsch and Gramsci inveighed against the understanding o{ theorists abovementioned and emphasized the continuity of Marx＇s and Engels~ thought. They advocated the historical dialectics of Marxism, criticized the Second International for its vulgar economic determinism and the deviation of its theory from the practice, helped to reduce the harm of positivism to Marxism, and promoted the healthy development of Marxism to some extent. Lip to now, e- conomic determinism still exists, and its influence on China, which makes efforts on the de- velopment of socialist market economy, keeps strong. The outlook on scientific development denies and overthrows the economic determinism.