Rural development and the role of game farming in the Eastern Cape,South Africa |
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| Institution: | 1. Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Private Bag, 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;2. Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK;3. Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent''s Park, London NW1 4RY, UK;4. Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia;1. Panthera, New York, NY, United States;2. Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, South Africa;3. State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, United States;4. Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, The Recanati-Kaplan Centre, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom;5. Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Nelson Mandela University, South Africa;6. Department of Wildlife and National Parks, P. O. Box 131, Gaborone, Botswana;7. Kenya Wildlife Service, P.O. Box 40241, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya;8. Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife Management Authority, PO Box CY140, Causeway, Harare, Zimbabwe;9. Department of National Parks and Wildlife, P.O. Box 30131, Lilongwe, Malawi;10. Molecular Ecology and Evolution Programme, Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, South Africa;11. Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa;12. Independent Researcher, Maputo, Mozambique;13. GIZ-IS, UNDP/GEF, PO Box 28127, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;14. Ministry of Environment and Tourism, Private Bag 13306, Windhoek, Namibia;1. Panthera, 8 West 40th Street, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10018, USA;2. Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa;3. Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Zoology Department, Oxford University, Tubney House, Abingdon OX135QL, UK;4. Zambian Carnivore Programme, Box 80, Mfuwe, Eastern Province, Zambia;5. Conservation Biology and Ecology Program, Department of Ecology, Montana State University, 310 Lewis Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA;6. Niassa Carnivore Project, The Ratel Trust, Cape Town, South Africa;7. Selous Lion Project, PO Box 34514, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania;8. Department of Biological Sciences, Conservation Conflict Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa;9. Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE- 901 83 Umeå, Sweden;10. Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife Management Authority, PO Box CY140, Causeway, Harare, Zimbabwe;11. Ewaso Lions, PO Box 14996, Nairobi 00800, Kenya;12. Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior, University of Minnesota, 100 Ecology Building, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;13. Frankfurt Zoological Society, Bernhard-Grzimek-Allee 1, 60316 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;14. Ongava Research Centre, Ongava Game Reserve, PO Box 58, Okaukeujo, Namibia;15. School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag 54001, Durban 4000, South Africa;p. Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California Los Angeles, 619 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;q. Centre for Wildlife Management, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa;1. Glendale Community College, 6000 W Olive Ave Glendale, AZ 85302, USA;2. University of Maryland College Park, 7251 Preinkart Dr College Park, MD 20742, USA |
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| Abstract: | The analysis of game farming is set in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Game farming reorders the use, meaning and value of land and animal species. However, what it means for rural development processes in the immediate region and beyond is not well accounted for. We perceive game farming as an assemblage that brings together new actors, new forms of land use and new discourses. We argue that although game farming has generated new opportunities and new forms of added value to the available resources (e.g. eco-tourism, trophy hunting, game-meat production), situated in the history and contemporary context of the Eastern Cape, it is a contested, and from a development point of view, problematic land-use practice. We argue that game farming constrains land and agrarian reforms: the distribution of land and income remains skewed; ‘poaching’ occurs and game farms do not, or only minimally, generate new and badly needed employment opportunities. The game farm has emerged as an exclusive, globally well-connected space. The nature of the relationships this space maintains with the surrounding communities is, however, such that the overall contribution to rural development in South Africa is questionable. |
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| Keywords: | Reassembling Rural development game farming Space Trophyhunting Conservation Land use |
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