Hydrocarbon pollution in underwater sinkholes of the Mexican Caribbean caused by tourism and asphalt: Historical data series and cluster analysis |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Universidad de Quintana Roo, Unidad Cancún. Department of Computing Science, Cancún, Quintana Roo, Mexico;2. CONACYT-Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Tierra Blanca, Av. Veracruz S/N Esq. Héroes de Puebla, Colonia Pemex. C.P, 95180, Tierra Blanca, Veracruz, Mexico;1. Jinwen University of Science and Technology, Taiwan, ROC;2. National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan, ROC;1. Griffith University, Australia;2. The University of Queensland, Australia;1. Department of Tourism Management, Shenzhen Tourism College, Jinan University, OCT Nanshan District, Shenzhen, PR China;2. Lincoln University, New Zealand;1. Dipartimento di Economia, studi giuridici e aziendali, IULM University, Via Carlo Bo, 1, I - 20143 Milan, Italy;2. Master in Economics and Tourism, Bocconi University, via Röntgen, 1, 20136 Milan, Italy;1. Beijing International Studies University, China;2. Towson University, USA;3. The George Washington University, USA;1. Faculty of Social Sciences, Norwegian School of Hotel Management, EAL H-204C, University of Stavanger, 4036 Stavanger, Norway;2. Nord University Business School, Universitetsalléen 11, NO 8026, Bodø, Norway;3. Department of Hospitality & Tourism Management, Pamplin College of Business, Virginia Tech, 295 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0429, United States;4. Department of Hospitality & Tourism Management, Isenberg School of Management, Flint Lab - 90 Campus Center Way, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States |
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| Abstract: | ![]()
In this study historical data sets from 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015 of hydrocarbon pollution in sinkholes of Quintana Roo are presented for two vacational seasons: “High” (July) and “Low” (October). Anthracene, Benzo[a]pyrene and Pyrene were found to be the main hydrocarbon contaminants and these poly aromatics hydrocarbons are strongly related to pollution by asphalt. Tourism contributes to hydrocarbon pollution in the sinkholes of Quintana Roo in two main ways: runoff of fuel from cars and, principally, from annual asphalting. Additionally, in this paper we conduct a cluster analysis to classify the pollution grade of the sinkholes. Clustering can be used to observe and interpret the cause of vacational seasonal pollution produced by tourism. |
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| Keywords: | Data series Hydrocarbon pollution Sinkholes Tourism Asphalt Clustering |
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