收入差距、社会保障支出与农村居民幸福感

收入差距的日益恶化严重影响到了居民的幸福感,社会保障支出作为民生性支出,具有典型的福利性与公平性特征,其可能加剧或缓解收入差距对农村居民幸福感的影响。本文基于2010年中国社会综合调查数据（CGSS）,采用Ordered Probit模型,实证分析了收入差距、社会保障支出对农村居民幸福感的影响。研究发现,收入差距与农村居民幸福感呈倒“U”型关系,低水平的收入差距对农村居民幸福感有积极影响,而较高的收入差距则会降低农村居民幸福感,且这一效应对农村低收入者幸福感的影响更大;社会保障支出不仅对农村居民幸福感有显著的正向影响,而且缓解了收入差距过大对农村居民幸福感带来的不利冲击。在采用工具变量法矫正内生性后,结论依然稳健。因此,我国政府理应将收入差距控制在合理区间,同时加大社会保障支出,从而使农村居民更幸福感。

Income Gap, Social Security Expenditure and Rural Residents' Happiness

The worsening income gap seriously affects the happiness of residents. Social security expenditure is a kind of welfare and fairness, which may exacerbate or alleviate the influence of income gap on the happiness of rural residents. Based on the 2010 China Social Comprehensive Survey Data (CGSS), Ordered Probit model was used to analyze the impact of income gap and social security expenditure on rural residents'' happiness. The study found that the income gap and rural residents'' sense of happiness were "U", and the low income gap had a positive effect on the well-being of rural residents, while the higher income gap would reduce the happiness of rural residents, and this effect Social welfare expenditure is not only a positive impact on the well-being of rural residents, but also alleviate the negative impact of the income gap is too large on the happiness of rural residents. In the use of tool variable method to correct the endogenously, the conclusion is still robust. Therefore, our government should control the income gap in a reasonable range, while increasing social security spending, so that rural residents more happy.