主体功能区划下的新型生态补偿措施:工业排放配额制

国家"十一五"规划中主体功能区划的提出,从开发保护的角度看,国土被划为开发类和保护类功能区,由于各自主体功能不同引发公平问题:保护类功能区为保证生态质量放弃大量工业发展机会,开发类功能区却同享经济发展成果与优质生态服务,应建立生态补偿机制。在借鉴以往生态补偿机制及总结国外生态补偿经验的基础上,较认同生态补偿的一种系统性且市场化程度更高的创新型方案—"工业排放配额制":通过企业间、区域间甚至国家间工业排放配额的公平分配及在市场上的自由交易,让那些为保护生态而放弃发展机会的低环境承载力区域得到补偿。

New Ecological Compensation Measure under Development Priority Zone:Quota System for Industrial Emissions

Since development priority zone is put forward in the Eleventh Five-year Plan,from the perspective of development and protection,the land is classified as developing and protecting function areas,so it will bring fair issues due to different main function.Protecting function areas even give up majority of industrial development opportunities to ensure the ecological quality,but the developing function areas share fruits of economic development and ecological service of high quality.Thus the ecological compensation mechanism should be established.On the basis of past and foreign ecological compensation mechanism,the paper recognizes the higher degree of market innovation programs"quota system for industrial emissions" is more feasible.Through the allocation of industrial emissions quota and free transaction in the market among enterprises,regions and nations,the low environmental bearing capacity zones will get compensation from giving up developing opportunities.