昆虫线粒体基因的研究进展

昆虫线粒体基因组通常含有37个编码基因,其中蛋白编码基因13个,核糖体RNA编码基因有2个,运输线粒体蛋白的tRNA编码基因22个,此外还有一些非编码区和基因间隔区。目前对于昆虫线粒体基因的研究,主要是使用其中的部分基因片段进行分类学科级水平上的系统进化分析或分子鉴定,而对于基因自身进化特点及规律的研究相对较少。本文根据文献和资料,对昆虫线粒体基因组的特点、获得方法、重排机制、研究意义和今后的研究方向进行了阐述和总结,以加深对昆虫线粒体基因组的认识,促进相关研究和进一步利用。

Progress of Insect Mitochondrial Genome

There are generally 37 coding genes in insect mitochondrial genomes,including 13 protein coding genes,2 ribosomal RNA genes and 22 transfer RNA coding genes.Furthermore,there are also non-coding regions and intergenetic regions.For the study of insect mitochondrial genome,partial genes were mainly used to phylogentic analysis based on the level of family and molecular identification,whereas the evolution of gene itself was poor studied.This study was focused on characteristic,acquisition,rearrangement mechanism,research meaning,and future study of insect mitochondrial genomes based on previous literature and data,to make a further understanding of insect mitochondrial genomes.