基于低碳农业的清洁生产与生态补偿 ——以山东桓台为例

该文以山东桓台为例,运用生命周期评价(LCA)方法,对桓台14年的小麦-玉米轮作模式进行了碳排放评估.结果表明:通过测土施肥和秸秆还田,发展农业清洁生产,2009年每吨小麦碳排放较1996年下降了8.4％；每吨玉米下降了41.5％；华北地区集约化农业生产进一步减少氮肥、电力、燃油消耗,提高土壤固碳能力和防治秸秆碳泄漏,是未来发展低碳农业的重点；清洁农作在低碳经济中起到了重要作用,但必须建立合理的生态补偿机制.

CLEANER PRODUCTION AND ECOLOGICAL COMPENSATION BASED ON LOW-CARBON AGRICULTURE

Using the life cycle assessment methodology,this paper assessed the carbon emissions in the winter wheat-summer maize rotation system in Huantai County,Shandong Province.The results showed that,compared with 1996,the carbon emissions from each ton of wheat and maize production in 2009 decreased by 8.4% and 41.5%,respectively,due to the development of cleaner agriculture and straw return,soil testing and formulated fertilization.Decreasing nitrogen fertilizer input,electricity and fuel consumption,increasing the soil C sequestration potential,and preventing greenhouse gas leakage,were the key factors for low-carbon agriculture development in the future.Cleaner agricultural production played an important role in low-carbon economy,and hence it should establish reasonable ecological compensation mechanism.