International outsourcing and the demand for skills |
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Authors: | Kurt Kratena |
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Institution: | (1) Austrian Institute of Economic Research, P.O. Box 91, 1103 Vienna, Austria |
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Abstract: | This paper explores the impact of international outsourcing on the demand for skills in three small and open EU economies.
A model of variable costs and factor demand functions for different skill levels and imported as well as domestic materials
are constructed. International outsourcing is treated directly as a substitution process between labour of different skills
and imported inputs. The direct consequence of international outsourcing for labour is measured by the cross price elasticities.
These cross price elasticities indicate a negative outsourcing impact on low- and medium-skilled labour in the three countries
and on high-skilled labour in two out of the three countries. This outsourcing effect on labour is compared with the direct
effect of embodied technical change and of the technical change bias. International outsourcing has a more unambigous and
significant negative impact on labour than technical change. Technical change is either labour using (embodied technical change)
or only slightly biased in favour of high-skilled labour. When the cost savings effect of international outsourcing is taken
into account, an indirect positive stimulus for all skill categories arises from a greater demand for goods. It can be shown, that this indirect positive effect can
compensate for a large part of the negative substitution impact of international outsourcing on labour. |
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