生态产品价值实现机制的逻辑与模式：基于排他性的理论分析

研究目的：以生态产品的排他性为线索，探索生态产品价值实现机制的理论逻辑，从中构建分析框架以辨析生态产品价值实现机制的主要模式。研究方法：文献分析和理论演绎。研究结果：（1）生态产品价值实现主要针对的是严格生态保护前提下具有稀缺性的那些生态产品；（2）生态产品价值实现机制的逻辑是“是否具有或能否建立排他性—消费主体是否明确—制度供给主体—市场或非市场支付机制”，排他性的建立意味着支付机制与制度供给主体分离；（3）从理论逻辑演绎出支付机制、制度供给主体两个维度，将实现机制的模式分为5个类型，并据此辨析了8种具体模式，最后对每种模式的交易标的、支付额度基础与普适性进行了比较分析。研究结论：（1）生态产品是否具有或能否建立消费中的排他性，是其能否采用市场支付机制的前提；（2）从理论逻辑演绎出的支付机制和制度供给主体两个维度，为辨析生态产品价值实现模式的性质提供了统一的分析框架。

The Logic and Modes of the Realization Mechanism of Ecological Product Values: A Theoretical Analysis Based on the Excludability

The purposes of this study are to explore the theoretical logic of the realization mechanism of ecological product values based on the excludability of ecological products, and to construct the framework abstracted from the logic to analyze the main modes of the realization of ecological product values. The research methods are literature review and theoretical deduction. The results show that: 1) the main objects of value realization are the scarce ecological products under strict ecological protection. 2) The logic of value realization is the links between the excludability, definability of consumers, the institution providers and market or non-market payment mechanism, in which the establishment of excludability separates the payment mechanisms and their institution providers. 3) From the theoretical logic, two dimensions of payment mechanisms and their institution providers are deduced, based on which the main modes are divided into five categories, and the eight main modes are examined. Finally, the objects of transaction, the basis of payment and the universality of each mode are compared. It concludes that: 1) the excludability which the ecological products have or can be built is the precondition for the market payment mechanism for the value realization; 2) the two dimensions of payment mechanisms and their institution providers deduced from the theoretical logic provide a framework to examine the nature of various modes.