从绝对贫困到相对贫困：土地要素对贫困影响分异识别研究

研究目的：精准识别绝对贫困和相对贫困不同时期土地要素对贫困的可能影响，评估土地要素对绝对贫困的帮扶效果，为推进土地要素更为精准地实现相对贫困治理提供参考。研究方法：多层线性模型。研究结果：（1）土地要素对于绝对贫困和相对贫困均具有较为突出的影响；（2）土地要素扶贫政策全面展开后，土地要素的资源和资本禀赋得到了有效改善，土地资本禀赋具有更为突出的未来改善潜力；（3）土地要素的资源和资本禀赋在各个时期都体现出了对贫困的异质性影响，资本禀赋相较于资源禀赋对于贫困均具有更强影响。研究结论：无论是在绝对贫困还是相对贫困治理中，均需高度重视土地要素的突出作用；在过去的扶贫攻坚战役中，一系列土地要素扶贫政策已然发挥了重要作用，而未来的相对贫困治理中亟待进一步促进土地要素禀赋改善，特别要着力重点提升土地要素资本化水平，从而有的放矢地推进更为精准的相对贫困治理。

From Absolute Poverty to Relative Poverty: A Study to Identify the Divergent Impact of Land Elements on Poverty

The purposes of this paper are to precisely identify the impact of land elements on poverty in different periods of absolute and relative poverty, to evaluate the effectiveness of land elements on alleviating absolute poverty, and to provide reference for promoting land elements to achieve relative poverty governance more precisely. Generalized hierarchical linear model is applied as the research method. The results are as follows: 1) land elements have a prominent impact on poverty in both absolute and relative poverty periods; 2) the resource and capital endowment of land elements have been effectively improved following the full-scale implementation of land elements poverty alleviation policies, and land capital endowment has a more prominent potential for future improvement; 3) both resource and capital endowment of land elements show heterogeneous effects on poverty in all periods, and land capital has stronger effects on poverty compared to resource endowment. In conclusion, for both absolute and relative poverty governance, the prominent role of land elements needs to be highly emphasized. A series of land elements poverty alleviation policies have played an essential function in the past poverty alleviation battles, and it is urgent to further promote the improvement of land element endowment in future relative poverty governance, especially to focus on enhancing the capitalization level of land elements, so as to facilitate more precise relative poverty governance in a targeted manner.